Verbs must contain at minimum a pronominal prefix, a verb root, an aspect suffix, and a modal suffix. The morphological complexity of the Cherokee language is best exhibited in verbs, which comprise approximately 75% of the language, as opposed to only 25% of the English language. A single Cherokee word can convey ideas that would require multiple English words to express, including the context of the assertion, connotations about the speaker, the action, and the object of the action. Īs a polysynthetic language, Cherokee is highly different from English and other Indo-European languages like French or Spanish, and can offer many challenges to adult learners. Increasing numbers of Cherokee youth are renewing interest in the traditions, history, and language of their ancestors. Significant numbers of Cherokee speakers of all ages still populate the Qualla Boundary in Cherokee, North Carolina and several counties within the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, significantly Cherokee, Sequoyah, Mayes, Adair, and Delaware. Such publications include a Cherokee dictionary and grammar as well as several editions of the New Testament and Psalms of the Bible and the Cherokee Phoenix ( ᏣᎳᎩ ᏧᎴᎯᏌᏅᎯ, Tsalagi Tsulehisanvhi), the first newspaper published by Native Americans in the United States and the first published in a Native American language. Extensive documentation of the language exists, as it is the Native American language in which the most literature has been published. Less than 5% of Cherokee children are raised to be bilingual in Cherokee and English. The Lower dialect, formerly spoken on the South Carolina–Georgia border, has been extinct since about 1900.
The dialect of Cherokee in Oklahoma is "definitely endangered", and the one in North Carolina is "severely endangered" according to UNESCO. Cherokee is a polysynthetic language and uses a unique syllabary writing system. It is the only Southern Iroquoian language and differs significantly from the other Iroquoian languages. There are approximately 12,000 Cherokee speakers out of more than 300,000 tribal members. Cherokee ( ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ, Tsalagi Gawonihisdi ) is an endangered Iroquoian language and the native language of the Cherokee people.
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